Understanding BMI & Health Factors

Underweight

(BMI below 18.5)

Health Risks:

• Malnutrition, vitamin deficiencies, and anemia.
• Weakened bones, higher risk of osteoporosis and fractures.
• Compromised immune system, leading to frequent infections.
• Hormonal imbalances and potential fertility issues.
• Complications during surgery, including delayed wound healing.
• Loss of muscle mass and reduced physical strength.
• Increased sensitivity to cold.
• Chronic fatigue, weakness, and dizziness.
• Mental health challenges, such as anxiety or depression.

Normal Weight

(BMI 18.5–24.9)

Health Benefits:

• Lowest risk of cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and other chronic conditions.
• Reduced likelihood of developing hypertension and abnormal cholesterol levels.
• Promotes overall well-being, energy levels, and physical fitness.
• Supports a balanced hormonal profile and healthy metabolism.
• Enhances immune function and resilience to illnesses.
• Contributes to better joint health and reduced strain on the body.
• Encourages mental well-being and positive body image.

Overweight

(BMI 25–29.9)

Health Risks:

• Increased risk of cardiovascular diseases, including heart disease and stroke.
• Higher likelihood of developing type 2 diabetes.
• Greater risk of hypertension (high blood pressure).
• Elevated risk of certain cancers, such as breast, colon, and kidney cancer.
• Increased strain on joints, leading to a higher chance of osteoarthritis.
• Potential for sleep apnea and breathing difficulties.
• Greater likelihood of metabolic syndrome, a cluster of conditions increasing heart disease risk.
• Reduced physical mobility and endurance.
• Possible impact on mental health, including lower self-esteem and depression.

Obese

(BMI of 30 or Greater)

Class I (BMI 30–34.9):

• Significantly higher risk of heart disease, type 2 diabetes, and hypertension.
• Increased likelihood of metabolic syndrome, which raises the risk of heart disease, stroke, and diabetes.
• Greater risk of respiratory issues, such as sleep apnea and asthma.
• Higher incidence of joint and musculoskeletal problems, including osteoarthritis.
• Elevated risk of cancers, such as endometrial, breast, and liver cancer.

Class II (BMI 35–39.9):

• Further elevated risk of cardiovascular diseases and diabetes.
• Higher probability of severe sleep apnea and respiratory disorders.
• Increased severity of osteoarthritis and joint-related issues.
• Greater likelihood of gallbladder disease and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).
• Elevated risk of psychological issues, including depression and anxiety.

Class III (BMI 40 or Higher):

• Extreme risk of cardiovascular diseases, including heart attacks and stroke.
• Very high risk of type 2 diabetes and complications like kidney disease and nerve damage.
• Severe sleep apnea and other significant respiratory issues are common.
• High incidence of debilitating joint problems and mobility challenges.
• Increased risk of liver conditions, including fatty liver disease and cirrhosis.
• Greater likelihood of psychological and social challenges, including stigma and discrimination.